Web Services

The term Web Services refers to the technologies that allow for making connections. Services are what you connect together using Web Services. A service is the endpoint of a connection. Also, a service has some type of underlying computer system that supports the connection offered. It describes a standardized way of integrating Web-based applications using the XML, SOAP, WSDL and UDDI open standards over an Internet protocol backbone. XML is used to tag the data, SOAP is used to transfer the data, WSDL is used for describing the services available and UDDI is used for listing what services are available. Unlike traditional client/server models, such as a Web server/Web page system, Web services do not provide the user with a GUI. Web services instead share business logic, data and processes through a programmatic interface across a network. The applications interface, not the users. Developers can then add the Web service to a GUI (such as a Web page or an executable program) to offer specific functionality to users. Web services allow different applications from different sources to communicate with each other without time-consuming custom coding, and because all communication is in XML, Web services are not tied to any one operating system or programming language. Web services do not require the use of browsers or HTML.

Styles of Using Web Services:

Web services is a set of tools that can be used in a number of ways. The three most common styles of use are RPC, SOA and REST.
RPC Web services present a distributed function (or method) call interface that is familiar to many developers. Typically, the basic unit of RPC Web services is the WSDL operation. The first Web services tools were focused on RPC, and as a result this style is widely deployed and supported. However, it is sometimes criticised for not being loosely coupled, because it was often implemented by mapping services directly to language-specific function or method calls. Many vendors felt this approach to be a dead end, and pushed for RPC to be disallowed in the WS-I_Basic_Profile.
Web services can also be used to implement a Service-oriented_architecture, where the basic unit of communication is a message, rather than an operation. This is often referred to as "message-oriented" services. SOA Web services are espoused by most major software vendors and industry analysts. Unlike RPC Web services, Loose coupling is more likely, because the focus is on the "contract" that WSDL provides, rather than the underlying implementation details.
Finally, RESTful Web services attempt to emulate HTTP and similar protocols by constraining the interface to a set of well-known, standard operations (e.g., GET, PUT, DELETE). Here, the focus is on interacting with stateful resources, rather than messages or operations. RESTful Web services can use WSDL to describe SOAP messing over HTTP, which defines the operations, or can be implemented as a abstraction purely on top of SOAP.

Archtectural Model:

The architecture has five models:

The Message Oriented Model which focuses on messages, message structure, message transport and so on - without particular reference as to the reasons for the messages, nor to their significance.

The Service Oriented Model which focuses on aspects of service, action and so on. While clearly, in any distributed system, services cannot be adequately realized without some means of messaging, the converse is not the case: messages do not need to relate to services.

The Resource Oriented Model focuses on resources. The ROM is layered over the SOM, and yet its focus is not really service but the nature of resources and the service actions associated with them. It is quite possible to conceive of a resource model that does not involve service, and conversely it is possible to have services without a strong notion of resource - hence the separation. Of course, in the context of Web services, we do expect the resource model to be quite important.

The Policy Model focuses on policies associated with the architecture. Put simply, a policy is just a constraint on the behavior of agents and services. Policies may be enacted to represent security concerns, quality of service concerns, management concerns and even application concerns. The policy model focuses on the core concepts needed to relate all such policies to Web services.

The Management Model focuses on the management of Web services. It is a model that explicates the relationship between deployed elements, other elements of the architecture, and in particular what kind of management fits well with the use of Web services for managing Web services. The Management model uses many of the other features and concepts of the architecture: including the concept of resource, description, service and so on. This is to be expected as deployed resources (for a Web service to be used by a requestor it must first be deployed) are also resources. The management view of a deployed resource is typically a meta-view of the resource.

Wordpress Themes- Download free WordPress Themes online.